Through the lens of genetic exceptionalism, society often
envisions genetic predictions as infallibly deterministic.
Consider the demand for direct-to-consumer genomic
technologies and the foresight consumers believe it will
bring. In reality, much of genetics is inherently messy
owing to, among other things, the complexity of polygenic
risk profiles, especially in light of unknowable
environmental considerations.
[GATTACA]’s warnings against allowing these statistical
likelihoods to become self-fulfilling prophecies remain
apropos. This is especially true for the increasingly
pervasive ‘walking sick’ — those who underestimate their
disease probabilities — and the ‘worried well’ (or, as the
film refers to them, the ‘healthy ill’) — those who
overestimate their statistical predispositions to future
genetic conditions. Arguably, geneticists in their
professional capacities can also sometimes seem to view
genetic information as too deterministic. Even scientists
can fail to fully appreciate the inexactness of many
genetic predispositions, given penetrance, expressivity
and external environmental factors that modulate the
genetic information.
…
In light of the continual encroachment of genetic
surveillance on privacy, there is a growing
dissatisfaction with the government’s use of genetic
information. In particular, this past spring, a class
action lawsuit was filed against the New York City Police
Department for hosting a genetic database comprising
samples from thousands of people who live in New York.
According to the lawsuit, DNA was surreptitiously
collected, without consent, from gum, drinks and
cigarettes offered to those in police custody, including
minors, regardless of their eventual guilt, and
principally from minority communities. Problematically,
the New York City Police Department’s database lacks the
regulatory oversight of state and federal DNA databases. A
similar lawsuit was filed in Orange County, California,
the year before, about an even larger DNA database of the
County District Attorney’s Office.